Convincing Features
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This assignment aims to develop your quantitative research skills through Research-Oriented Learning (Healey et al., 2010) and the Community of Inquiry (Garrison & Arbaugh, 2007). You will independently carry out statistical analysis, but you are expected to collaborate with your team members during the research process to discuss and learn from each other.
Your individual research must include:
The use of ChatGPT or any similar AI tool for statistical analysis is strictly prohibited. Any submission that relies on AI-generated statistical analysis will receive a penalty of 0 marks for the relevant sections.
Any report found to contain more than 20% plagiarism will receive a score of 0 marks. Ensure that you properly cite all sources and paraphrase appropriately to maintain academic integrity.
Although each student will submit an individual report, you are required to discuss your research questions and analysis with your team members. These discussions should help you refine your approach, troubleshoot challenges, and improve the quality of your findings. The purpose is to encourage learning through peer interaction, not to work in isolation.
Refer table below. Late submissions will incur a penalty unless prior arrangements are made.
| No. | Scope | Marks (%) | Due Dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Research Questions Formulation | 5 | End of Week 8 |
| 2 | Data Organization | 10 | End of Week 10 |
| 3 | Statistical Analysis | 45 | End of Week 14 |
| 4 | Self-Reflection | 5 | End of Week 14 |
| Total Marks | 100 | ||
Include the following details:
This research aims to answer the following research questions:
Reflect on your learning experience throughout the research process, demonstrating your understanding of the concepts. Consider the following:
The statistical analysis report must follow the format and structure provided in the Appendix A. Ensure that all analyses, interpretations, and ethical considerations are clearly presented.
This report will address the research question, which is: __________? This question requires analysis of ___________. Therefore a survey is used to identify _______. __________ are recorded as shown in Table 1.
| Students | Pre Test (%) | Post Test (%) |
|---|---|---|
| A | 20.00 | 10.00 |
| B | 30.00 | 30.00 |
| C | 10.00 | 15.00 |
| D | 30.00 | 30.00 |
| E | 2.00 | 1.00 |
| F | 1.00 | 60.00 |
| G | 30.00 | 30.00 |
| H | 30.00 | 30.00 |
| I | 120.00 | 60.00 |
| J | .00 | 30.00 |
| K | 30.00 | 30.00 |
| L | 15.00 | 30.00 |
| M | .00 | 2.00 |
| N | 60.00 | 120.00 |
| O | 30.00 | 30.00 |
| P | 30.00 | 10.00 |
| Q | .00 | 5.00 |
| R | 120.00 | 60.00 |
The statistical analysis is performed by using the SPSS Program with alpha 0.05 towards the dependent variables – ______________. Both variables contain ________ data. Therefore, it is advised to perform the parametric test in analysing the significance of these two variables. However, the first requirement of the parametric test is that the data from both variables must be normal. Thus, the normality of the mean of the ______________ are tested using the Shapiro-Wilk Test. This test was run with the following hypotheses:
Table 2 shows that the significance of both pre test and post test scores are less than 0.001. This means that both variables are non-normally distributed (significance is lower than 0.05). For that reason, the non-parametric test of the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test is used to investigate whether there is a significance difference between the mean of _______.
| Statistic | df | Sig. (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre Test | .734 | 18 | <.001 |
| Post Test | .806 | 18 | <.001 |
The Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test (Wilcoxon Test) is a non-parametric alternative to the Paired Samples T-Test, which compares the scores of the two groups. This test was run with the following hypotheses:
Table 3 shows the descriptive statistics for the ______. There were 18 students (N) in each condition. The ________ gave a mean score of _______ with a standard deviation of _______. The ________ gave a mean score of _______ with a standard deviation of _______. The mean for the _____ is higher than that of _______. It means, _________. On the other hand, the median for the ___________.
| N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Minimum | Maximum | Percentiles 25th |
50th (Median) | 75th | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre Test | 18 | 31.0000 | 36.08161 | .00 | 120.00 | 1.7500 | 30.0000 | 30.0000 |
| Post Test | 18 | 32.3889 | 28.66878 | 1.00 | 120.00 | 10.0000 | 30.0000 | 37.5000 |
Next, Table 4 shows the ranks for Wilcoxon Test, where “a” refers to the number of observations or number of students (N) with _____ is lower than ______. “b” refers to the N with ______ is greater than ______ and “c” refers to the N with _____ is equal to the _____. This means that ______ of the students ________ (the Negative Ranks row). ______ students _______ (the Positive Ranks row) and ____ students ____________ (the Ties row).
| N | Mean Rank | Sum of Ranks | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Post Test – Pre Test Negative Ranks | 5a | 7.00 | 35.00 |
| Positive Ranks | 7b | 6.14 | 43.00 |
| Ties | 6c | ||
| Total | 18 |
Finally, Table 5 gives the values of the Wilcoxon Test, where “b” refers to the value based on the negative ranks. The asymptotic significant value, 0.753, is greater than the value of alpha, .05, thus failed to reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is no significant difference between ______________ (z = -3.14, p = 0.753). Indeed, the median for __________. These results suggest that _____________.
| Night – Early Morning | |
| Z | -.314b |
| Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) | .753 |
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